of the doctrine favors this—but seem to ground it on the divine decree. Moreover, they remedy some of the defects of the Anselmian theory. They regard the atonement as a satisfaction to the justice rather than to the honor of God, stress the penal nature of the sufferings and death of Christ, ascribe atoning significance also to the life of the Redeemer, and clearly point out that the fruits of His work are mediated to sinners through the mystical union and appropriated by faith. The penal substitutionary